A group of physics students is conducting an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity ($g$) by measuring the period of a simple pendulum. They measure the length ($L$) of the pendulum using a meter ruler and the time ($T$) for 10 complete oscillations using a stopwatch. They repeat the measurements five times and calculate the average period. They use the formula $T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}$ to determine $g$.
b. The students want to improve the accuracy of their determination of $g$. Suggest two specific modifications they could make to their experimental procedure or equipment to reduce systematic errors. Explain how each modification would improve accuracy.
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Create Free Account Log inThis is a free VCE Units 3 & 4 Physics practice question worth 4 marks, testing your understanding of Accuracy & uncertainty. It falls under How is scientific inquiry used to investigate fields, motion or light? in Unit 4: How have creative ideas and investigation revolutionised thinking in physics?. Submit your answer above to receive instant AI-powered marking and personalised feedback.
A complex interplay exists between theory and experiment in generating models to explain natural phenomena. Ideas that attempt to explain how the Universe works have changed over time, with some experiments and ways of thinking having had significant impact on the understanding of the nature of light, matter and energy. Wave theory, classically used to explain light, has proved limited as quantum physics is utilised to explain particle-like properties of light revealed by experiments. Light and matter, which initially seem to be quite different, on very small scales have been observed as having similar properties. At speeds approaching the speed of light, matter is observed differently from different frames of reference. Matter and energy, once quite distinct, become almost synonymous. In this unit, students explore some monumental changes in thinking in Physics that have changed the course of how physicists understand and investigate the Universe. They examine the limitations of the wave model in describing light behaviour and use a particle model to better explain some observations of light. Matter, that was once explained using a particle model, is re-imagined using a wave model. Students are challenged to think beyond how they experience the physical world of their everyday lives to thinking from a new perspective, as they imagine the relativistic world of length contraction and time dilation when motion approaches the speed of light. They are invited to wonder about how Einstein’s revolutionary thinking allowed the development of modern-day devices such as the GPS. A student-designed practical investigation involving the generation of primary data and including one continuous, independent variable related to fields, motion or light is undertaken either in Unit 3 or Unit 4, or across both Units 3 and 4, and is assessed in Unit 4, Outcome 2. The design, analysis and findings of the investigation are presented in a scientific poster format.
Students undertake a student-designed scientific investigation in either Unit 3 or Unit 4, or across both Units 3 and 4. The investigation involves the generation of primary data relating to fields, motion or light. The investigation draws on knowledge and related key science skills developed across Units 3 and 4 and is undertaken by students in the laboratory and/or in the field. The design, analysis and findings of the investigation are presented in a scientific poster format. A logbook is maintained by the students for record, assessment and authentication purposes.
Identify and apply concepts of accuracy, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, resolution and validity of data; and the identification of, and distinction between, error and uncertainty.
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