A researcher is studying the evolutionary relationships of several newly discovered species of fungi in a remote forest. After analyzing their DNA sequences, they construct a phylogenetic tree. However, due to a technical error, the scale indicating the relative time or genetic change along the branches is missing.
Which of the following interpretations can still be reliably made from the unscaled phylogenetic tree?
The exact time at which each species diverged from their common ancestor.
The relative relatedness of the fungi species to each other based on shared ancestry.
The absolute number of genetic mutations that differentiate each species.
The precise rate of evolutionary change occurring in each fungal lineage.
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Create Free Account Log inThis is a free VCE Units 3 & 4 Biology practice question worth 1 mark, testing your understanding of Phylogenetic trees use. It falls under How are species related over time? in Unit 4: How does life change and respond to challenges?. Submit your answer above to receive instant AI-powered marking and personalised feedback.
In this unit students consider the continual change and challenges to which life on Earth has been, and continues to be, subjected. They study the human immune system and the interactions between its components to provide immunity to a specific pathogen. Students consider how the application of biological knowledge can be used to respond to bioethical issues and challenges related to disease. Students consider how evolutionary biology is based on the accumulation of evidence over time. They investigate the impact of various change events on a population’s gene pool and the biological consequences of changes in allele frequencies. Students examine the evidence for relatedness between species and change in life forms over time using evidence from paleontology, structural morphology, molecular homology and comparative genomics. Students examine the evidence for structural trends in the human fossil record, recognising that interpretations can be contested, refined or replaced when challenged by new evidence. Students demonstrate and apply their knowledge of how life changes and responds to challenges through investigation of a selected case study, data analysis and/or bioethical issue. Examples of investigation topics include, but are not limited to: deviant cell behaviour and links to disease; autoimmune diseases; allergic reactions; development of immunotherapy strategies; use and application of bacteriophage therapy; prevention and eradication of disease; vaccinations; bioprospecting for new medical treatments; trends, patterns and evidence for evolutionary relationships; population and species changes over time in non-animal communities such as forests and microbiota; monitoring of gene pools for conservation planning; role of selective breeding programs in conservation of endangered species; or impact of new technologies on the study of evolutionary biology. A student-designed scientific investigation involving the generation of primary data related to cellular processes and/or how life changes and responds to challenges is undertaken in either Unit 3 or Unit 4, or across both Units 3 and 4, and is assessed in this unit, Outcome 3. The design, analysis and findings of the investigation are presented in a scientific poster format as outlined in the study design.
In this area of study students focus on changes to genetic material over time and the evidence for biological evolution. They consider how the field of evolutionary biology is based upon the accumulation of evidence over time and develop an understanding of how interpretations of evidence can change in the light of new evidence as a result of technological advances, particularly in molecular biology. Students consider the biological consequences of changes in allele frequencies and how isolation and divergence are required elements for speciation. They consider the evidence for determining the relatedness between species and examine the evidence for major trends in hominin evolution, including the migration of modern human populations around the world.
the use and interpretation of phylogenetic trees as evidence for the relatedness between species
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